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Overview

The "Industrial Market Insights Q3 2025" report by Lee & Associates analyzes the Southern California industrial real estate market, focusing on the South Bay, Midcounties, Central, and Inland Empire submarkets. It highlights macroeconomic drivers, trade trends, port activity, and submarket-specific fundamentals like vacancy rates, net absorption, rents, construction, and top transactions. Overall, the market shows softening conditions with rising vacancies, declining rents in some areas, and stabilizing investor activity amid economic moderation. Ports of Los Angeles (LA) and Long Beach (LB) remain dominant U.S. trade gateways, though competition from East/Gulf Coast ports intensifies.

Macroeconomic Drivers

• GDP: Real GDP grew 3.8% annualized in Q2 2025, rebounding from a 0.6% Q1 decline, driven by consumer spending and reduced imports. Q3 growth is projected at ~3%.
• Employment: Unemployment rose to 4.3% in August, with only 22,000 jobs added (downward revisions to prior months). Wage growth of 3.7% year-over-year supports consumer spending.
• Retail & E-Commerce Sales: E-commerce sales hit $304.2B in Q2 (up 1.4% QoQ, 5.3% YoY), representing 16.3% of total retail sales ($1.87T, up 0.4% QoQ, 3.9% YoY).
• Trade Partners: Mexico leads U.S. trade at 21%, followed by Canada (17%) and China (10%). Top 15 partners account for 74.2% of activity.
• Year-End Outlook: GDP growth ~2.6% annualized in Q4, with stable consumer spending despite labor cooling and a government shutdown. Moderate expansion and cooling inflation bode well for 2026 commercial real estate.

Port Activity

LA and LB ports handled ~41% of U.S. imports by TEU market share. West Coast ports lead in throughput, but East/Gulf ports (e.g., NY/NJ, Houston) are gaining.

Submarket Summaries

South Bay

• Fundamentals: Vacancy rose to 6.9% (from 6.3% in Q2). Net absorption negative at (757,229) SF. Deliveries: 429,112 SF. Under construction: 244,786 SF.
• Rents & Sales: Average NNN rent fell to $1.48/SF (down 8.5% YoY). Building sales averaged $291/SF (cap rate 6.4%).
• Market Trends: Softening conditions with higher availability (9.5%); tenant-favorable market. Investment slowed (13 deals, $75.4M volume).
• Top Leases (all new): 19801 S Santa Fe Ave (356,642 SF, Confidential); 901 E 233rd St (221,050 SF, Custom Goods); 20846 Normandie Ave (203,877 SF, Hadrian Inc).
• Top Sales: 3700-3730 Redondo Beach Blvd (99,377 SF, $35.5M, Investment); 2959 E Victoria St (54,500 SF, $23M, Owner-User).

Midcounties

• Fundamentals: Vacancy fell to 7.3% (from 8.0% in Q2). Net absorption positive at 678,807 SF. Deliveries: 0 SF. Under construction: 493,874 SF.
• Rents & Sales: Average NNN rent at $1.30/SF (down 16% YoY). Building sales averaged $259/SF (cap rate ~5.0%).
• Market Trends: Stabilizing with lower direct vacancy; availability at 9.8%. Investment slowed (17 deals, $148.2M volume).
• Top Leases: 15614-15700 Shoemaker Ave (521,091 SF, Breakthru Beverage CA, New); 8201 Sorensen Ave (234,330 SF, Rove Concepts, Renewal).
• Top Sales: 6259 Descanso Ave (54,000 SF, $17.4M, Owner-User); 14390 Marquardt Ave (31,308 SF, $17M, Owner-User).

Central

• Fundamentals: Vacancy rose to 7.1% (from 6.8% in Q2). Net absorption negative at (465,078) SF. Deliveries: 157,715 SF. Under construction: 749,742 SF.
• Rents & Sales: Average NNN rent steady at $1.41/SF. Building sales averaged $295/SF.
• Market Trends: Slight softening; availability at 8.5%, occupancy 92.9%. Steady sales (25 deals, $190.4M volume).
• Top Leases: 8500 Rex Rd (335,600 SF, Million Dollar Baby Classic, New); 4885 E 52nd Pl (210,347 SF, Uniuni, New).
• Top Sales: 4400 Pacific Blvd (253,200 SF, $48.8M, Investment); 7400 Bandini Blvd (94,937 SF, $38.5M, Owner-User).

Inland Empire

• Fundamentals: Vacancy rose to 8.9% (from 8.1% in Q2). Net absorption negative at (746,596) SF. Deliveries: 5,299,580 SF. Under construction: 6,036,579 SF.
• Rents & Sales: Average NNN rent up to $1.00/SF (from $0.98 in Q2, down 12% YoY). Building sales averaged $252/SF (cap rate 5.9%).
• Market Trends: Balancing with high availability (12.3%); occupancy ~91%. Investment surged (55 deals, $777.2M volume).
• Top Leases: 5690 Industrial Pky (844,311 SF, iDC Logistics, New); 13052 Jurupa Ave (827,578 SF, Elogistek, New).
• Top Sales: 11991 Landon Dr (765,456 SF, $208.76M, Investment); 22491 Harley Knox Blvd (348,375 SF, $90.6M, Investment).

The report emphasizes logistics and manufacturing as key industries in transactions, with a tenant-favorable shift prioritizing occupancy over rent growth. Data sourced from AIR CRE, CoStar, and internal databases.

South Bay Submarket Q2 2025 Overview Summary

• Vacancy/Availability: Total vacancy hit 6.4%, the highest since early 2023, with a 70-basis-point quarterly rise; available space reached 19.4 million square feet, up 2.5 million SF since Q4 2024, driven by returning leased properties and slow lease-ups; sublet vacancy rose to 1.0%, hinting at tenant downsizing; absorbing 4.8 million SF is needed to reach a 4% vacancy rate, excluding new deliveries.
• Rental Rates: Asking rents softened to $1.54 NNN per square foot from $1.61 in Q1 and a $1.69 peak in Q2 2024, marking two consecutive quarterly declines since the pandemic recovery; direct rents dropped more than sublet rents, reflecting landlord pressure from rising vacancies and slow leasing; despite high historical levels, tenants are gaining negotiation leverage.
• Construction: Only one building (504,000 SF) was delivered, with the pipeline shrinking to 742,000 SF, down 60% from 1.9 million SF a year ago, due to caution over vacancies, slow leasing, and softening rents; graded sites are on standby awaiting tenants or better conditions; no preleased projects suggest rising vacancy risks if leasing doesn’t improve.
• Leasing Activity/Absorption: Negative net absorption of -1.15 million SF marked a downturn from 544,000 SF last quarter, the third negative quarter in four, indicating tenant contraction; leasing activity fell to 1.12 million SF leased and 84 deals, below the 105-deal historical average, reflecting occupier caution, especially for larger spaces.
• Sales Activity/Investment Trends: Sales totaled 19 transactions at $93.5 million, up from 16 in Q1 but far below $375 million in Q4 2024; the average price per square foot dropped to $211.83, the lowest in over a year, as buyers adjust to vacancies and rents; cautious investor sentiment persists due to delayed Fed rate cuts and tariff uncertainty, though strong fundamentals attract future capital.

The South Bay industrial market faces challenges with rising vacancies, softening rents, and reduced activity, tempered by potential for recovery as market conditions stabilize.

Midcounties, Central, Inland Empire Submarkets also included in report

South Bay Submarket Q1 2025 Overview Summary

• Vacancy/Availability: The vacancy rate rose to 5.6%, up 70 basis points year-over-year, with Carson (7.9%), Compton (9.7%), and Rancho Dominguez (10.8%) seeing the largest increases. High-end properties now take 12.2 months to lease, shifting leverage to tenants. Landlords are offering more concessions, with 10.28 million square feet of vacant/available space. The market needs to absorb 5.1 million square feet to return to a 3% vacancy rate.
• Rental Rates: Average asking rents fell to $1.61 NNN, down 1.4% quarter-over-quarter and 8.0% year-over-year. After a 118% rent surge from Q2 2020 to Q2 2023, increased vacancy (10 MSF added) is driving further declines until leasing rebounds.
• Construction: Construction totals 1.4 MSF, with 360,466 SF delivered in Q1. Seven buildings are under construction, but new starts are limited, and no projects are preleased. Developers are pausing, waiting for tenants or better market conditions, which may increase vacancy if leasing doesn’t improve.
• Leasing Activity/Absorption: Net absorption was positive at 561,683 SF, but cumulative absorption since Q1 2023 is negative at -4.7 million SF. Leasing volume hit 1.3 million SF across 103 transactions, below the historical 2.5 million SF quarterly average. Buildings now take six months to lease.
• Sales Activity/Investment Trends: Investor caution persists due to high interest rates and economic uncertainty, widening the bid-ask spread. Despite lower deal volume, the South Bay attracts capital due to high rents and limited land. The region is poised for an investment rebound as borrowing costs ease.

The South Bay market faces challenges with rising vacancy and declining rents but retains strong fundamentals for future growth.

Additional Reports for Midcounties, Central and Inland Empire Included.

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Southbay Submarket Key Highlights (Download Report for Midcounties, Central & Inland Empire Submarkets)

• Vacancy/Availability
  • Vacancy rate in Q4 2024 increased to 5.2%, up 80 basis points from Q3 and 130 basis points year-over-year.
  • High-end properties linger on the market for an average of 7.2 months, giving tenants more leverage in negotiations.
  • Total vacant available space expanded to 10.4 million square feet by the end of Q4.
• Rental Rates
  • Average asking rents fell 1.2% ($0.02) quarter-over-quarter and 8.9% ($0.16) year-over-year.
  • South Bay rents increased 34.1% between Q4 2020 and Q4 2024, reaching $1.63 NNN per square foot.
  • Only 76 lease transactions were completed in Q4, well below the historical quarterly average of 105 transactions.
• Construction
  • 1.37 million square feet under construction across 10 buildings in South Bay.
  • Two new buildings totaling 263,060 square feet were added in Q4 2024.
  • None of the 10 ongoing projects, including six exceeding 100,000 square feet, have been pre-leased, posing risks of higher vacancy rates.
• Leasing Activity/Absorption
  • Net absorption in Q4 2024 was -1.47 million square feet, continuing a negative trend since Q4 2022 (except for Q3 2023 and Q3 2024).
  • New leasing activity totaled 1.19 million square feet, well below the long-term quarterly average of 2.59 million square feet.
  • Average time to lease a building in South Bay increased to 6.4 months.
• South Bay Submarket: Top Leases in Q4 2024
  • 2027 Harpers Way, Torrance: Virco Manufacturing, 10/01/24, 559,000 SF.
  • 24760 S. Main St., Carson: DCW, Inc., 10/22/24, 231,008 SF.
  • 250 W. Manville St., Compton: Kair Harbor Express, 10/01/24, 206,483 SF.
  • 2230 E. Carson St., Carson: JAM-N Logistics, 10/01/24, 198,292 SF.
  • 18111 S. Santa Fe Ave., Rancho Dominguez: Air Products Manufacturing LLC, 10/01/24, 136,980 SF.
• Sales Activity/Investment Trends
  • Q4 2024 sales volume reached $375 million across 14 transactions, up from $163 million in Q4 2023.
  • Average price per square foot rose 36% quarter-over-quarter and 15.6% year-over-year, reaching $386.48.
  • Capitalization rates increased 160 basis points to 6.0%.
  • The Federal Reserve cut rates by 100 basis points in 2024, with further cuts expected in 2025.
  • Investor activity remains cautious amid policy uncertainties.
• South Bay Submarket: Top Sales in Q4 2024
  • 2501 Rosecrans Ave., Los Angeles: Rexford Industrial Realty, Inc., 12/06/24, 300,201 SF.
  • 18500 Crenshaw Blvd., Torrance: Gpjco Properties LLC, 12/05/24, 180,269 SF.
  • 2550 El Presidio St., Carson: Caroline Tseng, 10/31/24, 130,055 SF.
  • 15914 S. Avalon Blvd., Compton: Access Services, 12/02/24, 75,431 SF.
  • 14455 S. Broadway, Gardena: Aleah Miller, 11/27/24, 58,723 SF.

In Q3 2024, the South Bay submarket saw a continued increase in vacant space, with the vacancy rate rising to 4.4%, up 20 basis points from Q2 and 50 basis points year-over-year. Tenants are becoming more selective, taking advantage of longer decision-making periods. Despite a 7.8% year-over-year decline in average asking rents, rents remained somewhat resilient due to concessions from landlords.

Leasing activity included 1.37 million square feet of new deals, though it was below the 10-year average. Net absorption was positive for the first time in a year, at +669,007 square feet. Construction continues with 1.5 million square feet in progress, which could impact vacancy rates if demand doesn't catch up.

Sales activity increased from Q2 but remained significantly lower than in 2023. Sales volume reached $71.9 million, and average prices per square foot dropped 22.5% year-over-year to $258.92.

• Leasing Activity: 2.3 million square feet (MSF) of industrial space leased this quarter, up by 1.03 MSF from the previous quarter.
• Vacant-Availability Rate: Dropped by 0.4% from last quarter to 4.2%, but still 2.8% higher than last year.
• Market Trends: Increase in vacant-available space due to tenants returning unused space since 2023.
• Asking Lease Rates: Declined to $1.71 (direct) and $1.68 (overall) per square foot (PSF), though still 40%+ higher over the last five years. Class A spaces aim for $2.00+ PSF.
• Tenant Behavior: Tenants are more selective and pushing for rental concessions, with landlords becoming more negotiable.
• Net Absorption: Positive for sublet space (525,417 square feet) but overall net absorption negative at -539,467 square feet.
• Sales Volume: $51 million across 9 transactions in the South Bay, with average building prices at $288.61 PSF and land values at $143.79 PSF.
• Capitalization Rates: Increasing due to higher capital costs, forcing sellers to adjust prices.
• Interest Rates: Around 6.5% for fixed, 25-year owner-occupier loans.
• Insurance Challenges: Rising premiums and providers exiting the California market.
• Property Values: Some industrial areas affected by homelessness and vagrancy, impacting property and rental values.

Here are a few of the important points from the quarterly update on the greater Los Angeles industrial real estate market: 

1. Market Conditions:
   • Vacancies and availability increased across all submarkets.
   • Lease rates experienced a decrease.
   • Sales and leasing activity hit historic lows.
   • Construction starts diminished.
2. Employment and Wage Trends:
   • Unemployment rate fell to 3.8%, with a slight increase in labor force participation rate.
   • Average hourly earnings rose by 4.1% year-over-year, surpassing inflation.
3. Inflation Concerns:
   • Inflation measures remain elevated, with growing worries that the disinflation process has stalled.
   • CPI report indicates inflation surpassed forecasts, with both month-over-month and year-over-year increases.
4. Economic Growth:
   • Economy grew by 2.5% on an annual basis at the end of 2023.
   • Forecasted GDP growth for Q1 2024 is around 2.4%.
5. Investor Sentiment and Market Behavior:
   • Cautious investor sentiment due to uncertainty over potential federal interest rate cuts and geopolitical challenges.
   • Opportunities for owner-occupiers to acquire buildings with less competition from institutional investors.
   • Smaller buildings sought after via SBA loans and conventional financing, but with stringent oversight from lenders.
6. Tenant Trends and Industrial Real Estate:
   • Lease renewals becoming more prevalent among tenants.
   • Tenants increasingly subletting unused space.
   • Despite market corrections, industrial real estate remains sought after, driven by barriers-to-entry and demand for newer, functional space in infill Southern California markets.

The report ends with a note that the Port of Long Beach and Port of Los Angeles are seeing higher volumes.  With West Coast labor concerns resolved and issues at the Panama Canal (drought), Red Sea (safety), East Coast labor negotiations and now Baltimore (FSK Bridge Collapse) expect this trend to continue.

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1. Vacancy Rate Increase in South Bay Industrial Market: 

• The South Bay Industrial market has experienced a year-over-year increase of 250 basis points in vacancy rates, reaching 3.9%.
• This uptick suggests a change in the demand and supply dynamics within the industrial sector of the South Bay.

 2. Sublease Transactions in Industrial Leasing: 

• Out of the 87 industrial lease transactions in the 4th quarter, 17.2% were sublease transactions.
• The prevalence of subleases in the industrial sector underscores a strategic approach by tenants, potentially driven by the need to optimize existing space or adjust to evolving operational requirements.

 3. Tenant Responses to Scarcity in Industrial Spaces: 

• Faced with continued scarcity, many industrial tenants in the South Bay have chosen to renew existing leases or implement efficiency measures within their current space.
• This strategic response has contributed to a cooling effect on the market, leading to a 3.2% year-over-year decrease in industrial lease rates.

 4. Larger Decline in Industrial Lease Rates for Direct Spaces: 

• The industrial lease rates for direct spaces have seen a larger quarter-over-quarter decline of 11.25%.
• This pronounced decrease indicates heightened competition and negotiation dynamics in the industrial leasing market, likely influenced by increased vacancy rates and tenant strategies.

 5. Landlord Concessions in Industrial Leasing: 

• The decline in industrial lease rates and the competitive landscape have prompted landlords to make some concessions to facilitate deals.
• Concessions may include adjustments in terms, incentives, or other favorable arrangements to attract and retain industrial tenants.

 6. Industrial Sales Transactions: 

• Industrial sales transactions have experienced a decline in the average number, dropping from a quarterly average of 20 to 13.
• Additionally, both the average and median industrial asking sales prices have decreased quarter over quarter, reflecting a softening in the industrial sales market.

 7. South Bay Industrial Market Positioning: 

• Despite the observed trends, the South Bay Industrial market remains 4.4% below the 20-year national average industrial vacancy rate.
• The areas surrounding the port continue to be more optimal for most Industrial operations, indicating a sustained high demand in the foreseeable future.

 8. Additional Reports for Midcounties, Central (Los Angeles), and Inland Empire Industrial Markets: 

• The report includes insights into the other industrial markets of Midcounties, Central (Los Angeles), and Inland Empire, providing a comprehensive view of the broader industrial landscape in the region.

In summary, the South Bay Industrial market is navigating through changes with increased vacancy rates, strategic tenant responses, and shifts in leasing and sales dynamics. Despite these trends, the market remains below the national average industrial vacancy rate, with certain areas, particularly around the port, expected to continue experiencing high demand. The inclusion of reports for other industrial markets enhances the overall understanding of the industrial real estate landscape in the region. If you have specific questions or would like to explore particular aspects further, feel free to let me know!

A prevalent and unifying trend has emerged in the industrial markets of Greater Los Angeles & Long Beach, Orange County, and the Inland Empire during the third quarter of 2023: an uptick in vacancy rates. This development has undoubtedly captured the attention of real estate observers, raising questions about the resilience of these markets amidst evolving economic conditions.

While it's true that asking lease rates and sale prices have moderated from their previous peaks, they continue to hover at historically elevated levels. This is particularly noteworthy in the realm of leasing, where the prevailing rates are higher than what has been observed in the past. The apparent contrast between increased vacancies and persistent high asking rates creates an intriguing narrative within these markets.

The question that naturally arises is whether this shift in vacancy rates is a direct consequence of the recent Federal Reserve interest rate hikes or if it's a temporary slowdown in the market's momentum. The answer to this query remains somewhat elusive, and much like the economic outlook itself, it is subject to ongoing observation and analysis.

One plausible hypothesis is that the impact of the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes has yet to fully materialize. These hikes may have prompted businesses and investors to reevaluate their strategies, potentially leading to a pause in leasing and purchasing activities. The full ramifications of such monetary policy decisions often take time to ripple through the real estate sector.

On the other hand, it is equally plausible that the observed increase in vacancy rates is a transient phenomenon. Industrial markets are influenced by a myriad of factors, including supply and demand dynamics, economic cycles, and regional conditions. Short-term fluctuations are not uncommon, and they may not necessarily indicate a fundamental shift in the health of these markets.

As we move forward, close monitoring and analysis of these markets will be essential to provide a more definitive answer. Factors such as employment trends, trade activity, and consumer behavior will play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of these industrial markets. Whether the current situation is a harbinger of sustained change or a brief pause in the continued growth of these markets will be revealed in the coming quarters, offering valuable insights into the ever-evolving real estate landscape.